Students
who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) may be placed in school systems where
there are not very many other DHH students, as DHH is a low incidence
population in Indiana when compared to other Article 7 eligibilities. Here is
some information that parents and educators can use to know when to refer a
student for testing.
The first step is to make sure you and the individuals working with your DHH
student expect the student to have achievement levels equal to their same-abled
peers. Be sure you are familiar with typical developmental milestones for
language and academics. Throw out any old myths and preconceptions, and
continue to follow current literature and research.
When
determining if you need further or additional testing, consider if the student
has any birth or early risk factors, which may include prematurity, low birth weight, birth injury, sensory
issues, chronic illness, oxygen deprivation, exposure to alcohol or drugs,
malnutrition or neglect, neurological diagnosis, and/or syndromes.
Additionally, listen to your student’s parents. These parents know their children in all
environments and work with the student one-on-one, whereas teachers will have
multiple children they see. Parents
often are more in tune with small changes with the student; therefore, it is
essential parental concerns be addressed professionally and not dismissed.
As
you observe your DHH student, there are some behaviors that should cause
concern and not be ignored which may include the following:
· Language
delays that are not improving with intervention
· Academic
delays that are not responding to typical supports
· Behavioral
difference from typical peers
· Attention
struggles
· Sadness
or withdrawal
· Isolation
from class and peers
· Changes
from previous performance in language, academics and/or behavior
· Growing
gaps from age-appropriate levels
· Difficulties
with sensory seeking or sensory avoidance
· Visual
processing struggles or visual spatial disorder
· Fine
or gross motor differences
Over-testing
students is always a risk and is certainly to be avoided, so be sure you are
reviewing previous available information, collecting ample data on student behavior
and performance, observing the student in a variety of situations, referring the student to the RtI/MTSS teams when appropriate, and
consulting with professionals who specialize in the student’s areas of need. If those efforts prove unsuccessful,
then referring a student for further testing may be the most appropriate
action. However, keep in mind that for initial DHH referrals, these students
should not be sent through RtI/MTSS team process, but receive a full assessment
for eligibility considerations.
Unfortunately,
educators who are not in the specialized field of DHH often believe that some
atypical behaviors are normal for DHH students. Given that DHH is indeed a low
incidence population, more education on what is or is not a typical DHH
behavior may be needed. A typically developing DHH student would not have
language delays, statistically lower verbal IQ scores than performance IQ
scores, sadness or depression, academic struggles, sensory processing
challenges, visual processing struggles, or behavioral outbursts/challenges.
The Center is available to assist schools with in-service training,
consultation, observations, and assessment at no cost to schools or
families. Our assessment professionals
have specialized skills in the area of deaf or hard of hearing education,
including audiologists, speech language pathologists, a school psychologist,
American Sign Language specialists, an occupational therapist, and a physical
therapist. Our team works together to determine each DHH student’s access to information
and to identify any additional needs, providing schools and families with a
comprehensive report with accompanying recommendations for consideration. The
Center believes in a whole-child approach and partnering with schools and
families to help students meet their optimum potential. Contact us with any
questions at 317-750-0246, our main line for both phone calls and text
messages.